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Image credits.

The category images are sacred illustrations. Documentary photographs appear in the relevant dossiers with their own captions. No illustration serves as evidence for a historical or medical finding.

The location map

The world outlines come from the Natural Earth map source already used on Catholon. Natural Earth provides its map data in the public domain. Markers indicate approximate locations; they make no claims about historical borders, sequences of events, or the precision of a tradition.

Additional location coordinates come from Wikidata (CC0) and official location information from shrines and cultural sites. You can consult the location datasets and evidence for the location references below. A city marker indicates a place associated with the dossier and does not automatically indicate the exact site of every reported event.

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Location information and data sources

Lanciano: the reliquary with the flesh tissue in the upper display vessel and the blood in the lower vessel. Photograph from 2006.

M.marusz, via Wikimedia Commons · Public Domain.

Image credits.

The location map

Lanciano: the reliquary with the flesh tissue in the upper display vessel and the blood in the lower vessel. Photograph from 2006.

The face on the Shroud of Turin in Secondo Pia's photographic negative (1898).

The Shroud at full length, before the restoration of 2002.

Full view of the Shroud before the restoration of 2002, in portrait format.

Complete negative reproduction of the Shroud of Turin.

The face in positive and negative reproductions.

Pray Codex, around 1192–1195: the burial of Christ and the women at the tomb.

Lanciano: close-up of the glass vessel containing the relic's five blood clots. Linoli's examinations of the blood and flesh tissue are explained in the dossier.

Lanciano: close-up of the flesh tissue displayed in the upper part of the reliquary.

Ludbreg: eighteenth-century reliquary of the Holy Blood, made by Caspar Riss von Rissenfels in Augsburg. The blood relic is in the small central container.

Bolsena, Basilica of Santa Cristina: display vessel containing one of the stone relics associated with the Eucharistic miracle.

Bolsena: stone relic with reddish traces and an incised cross. It belongs to the tradition of the Eucharistic miracle; the corporal, by contrast, is kept in Orvieto.

Walldürn: the blood-stained corporal in the shrine of the Holy Blood Altar. The photograph shows the historical linen cloth behind its protective frame.

Santarém: view of the reliquary on display, from a film by the Archdiocese of Braga. The small display vessel in the center holds the venerated Host relic; another glass enclosure stands beside it.

Trani: theca reliquary containing the venerated Eucharistic relic. The setting was donated to the cathedral chapter by Fabrizio De Cuneo in 1616.

Sokółka, Saint Anthony's: the relic displayed for veneration in its liturgical setting in the Rosary Chapel.

Sokółka: view into the Rosary Chapel of Saint Anthony's, where the Eucharistic sign is venerated. Photograph of the actual place of veneration.

Ferrara, Santa Maria in Vado: the Tempietto in the south transept preserves the place of commemoration and veneration of the blood miracle. The photograph shows the sanctuary with its historical furnishings.

Ferrara: view into the vault of the Tempietto in Santa Maria in Vado, the place of veneration of the blood miracle.

Seefeld, Saint Oswald's: altar of the Holy Blood Chapel with the tabernacle by Georg Ignatius Baur (around 1767–1769). The relief at the top depicts the Host miracle handed down in the tradition.

Faverney: historical ex-voto commemorating the Host miracle of 1608 in the Abbey Church of Notre-Dame.

Amsterdam: the so-called Mirakelkist in the Amsterdam Museum. The archive chest of the Sacrament Guild of the Holy Place is associated with later miracle traditions.

Orvieto: photographed information panel with a UV fluorescence image of the corporal of Bolsena. The colored area is a specialized examination image of the cloth, not an ordinary color photograph.

Offida: interior of the diocesan shrine of the Eucharistic miracle in Sant’Agostino. The photograph shows the place of veneration; the individual relics cannot be distinguished in this overview.

The sacred image of Our Lady of Guadalupe preserved on the tilma in Mexico City; photograph of the original image.

The spring at Banneux with the statue of the Virgin of the Poor, photographed in 2009.

The grotto in the school garden at Beauraing on 17 December 1932, during the period of the apparitions; historical press photograph.

Bernadette Soubirous in a photograph by Abbé P. Bernadou, around 1861–1862.

The child visionaries of Fátima in 1917: Jacinta Marto, Lúcia dos Santos, and Francisco Marto, from left to right.

The crowd at Fátima on 13 October 1917. The photograph documents the pilgrims present.

Adèle Brise in religious habit; historical portrait, dated to 1860 in the archive.

Colorized historical postcard showing the people identified as visionaries and witnesses in front of the Barbedette barn in Pontmain.

Mélanie Calvat in her later years; portrait photograph in the 1912 edition of her biography.

The building of the Bureau des Constatations Médicales in Lourdes in a photograph from a 1908 publication.

The Apparition Chapel in Knock with its sculptural group; photograph from 2001.

The courtyard of the shrine on the Rue du Bac in Paris with the statue of Saint Vincent de Paul; photograph from 2020.

The basilica and pilgrims' house of Notre-Dame du Laus in their mountain setting; photograph from 2011.

Our Lady of the Rosary in the shrine of San Nicolás de los Arroyos; photograph dated 30 January 2018.

Title page of a copy of the proceedings and judgment concerning the miracle of Calanda, printed around 1829. Digitized copy from the University Library of Zaragoza.

Bernadette's reliquary shrine in the Chapel of Saint-Gildard in Nevers (2018). Her face and hands are covered with the thin wax coverings documented since 1925.

Historical photograph of Bernadette laid out in Nevers; the image source dates it to 1925.

The glass shrine of Saint Catherine Labouré in the Chapel of the Miraculous Medal, Rue du Bac, Paris (2006).

Catherine of Bologna is venerated seated in the richly decorated shrine of the Church of Corpus Domini. Photograph from 2012.

Cuthbert's tomb in Durham Cathedral. The burial place is visible; the relics are not openly displayed here.

Charbel's tomb at the Monastery of Annaya (2015). The photograph shows the closed shrine and the image of the saint.

The Holy Robe during the public exposition in Trier Cathedral on 25 April 2012.

The Tunic of Argenteuil in its reliquary during the public exposition of 2016.

The Holy Face of Manoppello in its frame (2019). The fine weave is visible when enlarged.

Padre Pio in Placido Bux's photograph of 19 August 1919. The wounds on the backs of his hands are visible.

The reliquary containing the ampoules of Saint Januarius's blood is shown to the faithful.

Historical vessel for Saint Nicholas's “Sacra Manna”; the image source dates the vessel to the sixteenth century. Photograph from 2024.

Historical photograph of Teresa's heart reliquary in the Carmel of Alba de Tormes; from the collection of the Fundación Joaquín Díaz.

The habit of Saint Francis preserved as a relic at La Verna, photographed in 2011.

The relic of Catherine of Siena's head in the reliquary of the Basilica of San Domenico (2016).

The reliquary shrine of Saint Philip Neri in Santa Maria in Vallicella, the Chiesa Nuova in Rome (2015).

Don Bosco reliquary in Panama: the visible recumbent figure is an effigy and, according to the photographic documentation, contains a relic of his right forearm.

The silver altar and reliquary shrine in the Rosalia Chapel of Palermo Cathedral (2006).

The reliquary shrine of Saint Joseph of Cupertino in the crypt of his shrine in Osimo (2022).

The reliquary containing Saint Anthony's tongue in the Treasury Chapel of his basilica in Padua.

The Chapel of the Passion Relics in Santa Croce in Gerusalemme in Rome: the reliquaries hold, among other objects of veneration, wood from the Cross, a thorn, and a nail.

The Sudarium of Oviedo in full view: a linen cloth with stains and fold marks. Unlike the Shroud of Turin, it bears no image of a body or face.

Annotated stain map of the Sudarium. The highlighted boundaries and labels are an interpretation of the traces, not additional markings on the original cloth.

English-labeled version of the stain map: the fold axis, principal stains, and dot-like traces can be compared with the German plate.

Comparative montage: on the left, the photographic negative of the Turin face; on the right, a mapping of the Sudarium's stains onto a face. The drawn face is a reconstruction; the Sudarium itself bears no face.

Exhibition view in the Cámara Santa of Oviedo Cathedral: the Arca Santa in the foreground and a framed display of the Sudarium. The photograph alone does not establish whether the cloth on display is the original.

The category illustrations